Glyphosate

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China

Glyphosate

glyphosate
Common name: glyphosate
IUPAC name: N-( phosphonomethyl) glycine
Chemical Abstracts name: N-( phosphonomethyl) glycine
CAS RN: [ 1071-83-6]

glyphosate-ammonium
CAS RN: [ 40465-66-5] monoammonium salt; [ 69254-40-6] diammonium salt; [ 114370-14-8] unspecified ammonium salt

glyphosate-isopropylammonium
CAS RN: [ 38641-94-0]

glyphosate-sodium
CAS RN: [ 34494-03-6]

glyphosate-trimesium
IUPAC name: trimethylsulfonium N-( phosphonomethyl) glycinate
Chemical Abstracts name: N-( phosphonomethyl) glycine trimethylsulfonium salt
Other names: sulfosate
CAS RN: [ 81591-81-3]

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
glyphosate
Composition: Tech. is 95% pure. Zwitterion structure. Mol. wt.: 169.1; M.f.: C3H8NO5P; Form: Colourless crystals. M.p.: 189.5 ° C; B.p.: Decomp. > 200 ° C. V.p.: 1.31x10-2 mPa ( 25 ° C) . KOW: logP 5000 mg/ kg. Slight eye irritant; not a skin irritant ( rabbits) .
Inhalation: LC50 > 1.9 mg/ l air.
Toxicity class: EPA ( formulation) III

glyphosate-isopropylammonium
Oral: Acute oral LD50 for rats > 5000, goats 5700 mg/ kg.
Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits > 5000 mg/ kg. Slight eye irritant; not a skin irritant ( rabbits) .
Inhalation: LC50 ( 4 h) for rats > 1.3 mg/ l air.
NOEL: In a 6 mo capsule trial, no ill-effects were observed in dogs receiving 300 mg/ kg daily ( highest dose treated) .
Toxicity class: EPA ( formulation) III

glyphosate-sodium
Skin and eye: Acute oral LD50 for rats > 5000 mg/ kg. Slight eye irritant; not a skin irritant ( rabbits) .

glyphosate-trimesium
Oral: Acute oral LD50 for male rats 748, female rats 755, mice 1250 mg/ kg.
Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits > 2000 mg/ kg.
Inhalation: LC50 ( 4 h) for rats 6.2 mg/ l air.
NOEL: 100 mg/ kg daily. No teratogenic effect observed.
ADI: 25 mg/ kg b.w.
EC hazard: ( Xn; R22)

ECOTOXICOLOGY
glyphosate
Birds: Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail > 3851 mg/ kg. Dietary LC50 ( 8 d) for quail and ducks > 4640 mg/ kg diet.
Fish: LC50 ( 96 h) for trout 86, bluegill sunfish 120, harlequin fish 168, sheepshead minnow > 1000 mg/ l.
Daphnia: LC50 ( 48 h) 780 mg/ l.
Algae: EC50 ( 72 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum 485 mg/ l, ( 7 d) 13.8 mg/ l; ( 96 h) for Skeletonema costatum 1.2 mg/ l, ( 7 d) 0.64 mg/ l; ( 7 d) for Navicula pelliculosa 42, Anabaena flos-aquae 15 mg/ l.
Other aquatic spp.: LC50 ( 96 h) for mysid shrimp ( Mysidopsis bahia) > 1000, grass shrimp 281, fiddler crab 934 mg/ l. EC50 ( 96 h) for sea urchin > 1000 mg/ l; ( 14 d) for Lemna gibba 25.5 mg/ l. EC50 ( 48 h) for Litoria moorei tadpole 111 mg/ l.
Bees: LD50 ( contact and oral ) > 100 ug/ bee.

glyphosate-isopropylammonium
Fish: LC50 ( 96 h) for trout and bluegill sunfish > 1000, fathead minnow 97, channel catfish 130 mg/ l.
Daphnia: LC50 ( 48 h) 930 mg/ l.
Algae: EC50 ( 72 h) for Scenedesmus subspicatus 72.9 mg/ l.
Other aquatic spp.: EC50 ( 48 h) for midge larvae 5600, Litoria moorei tadpole > 343 mg/ l.
Worms: LC50 ( 14 d) for Eisenia foetida > 5000 mg/ kg soil.
Other beneficial spp.: No effects on carabid beetle; harmless to slightly harmful to green lacewing, parasite species, mites/ spiders and insects, except moderately harmful to Bembidion lampros.

glyphosate-trimesium
Birds: Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail > 2050, mallard ducks 950 mg tech./ kg.
Fish: LC50 ( 96 h) for trout 1800, bluegill sunfish > 3500 mg/ l.
Daphnia: LC50 ( 48 h) 12 mg/ l.
Algae: EC50 19 mg/ l.
Bees: LD50 ( contact) 0.39 mg/ bee; ( oral) > 0.4 mg/ bee.
Worms: LD50 ( 14 d) > 1000 mg/ kg soil.
Other beneficial spp.: Harmless under field conditions at field application rates to parasitic wasps ( Aphidius rhopalosiphi) , lycosid spiders and carabid beetles ( Pterostichus melanarius) .

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals: In mammals, following oral administration, glyphosate is very rapidly excreted unchanged and does not bioaccumulate.
Plants: Slowly metabolised to aminomethylphosphonic acid ( [ 1066-51-9] ) , which is the major plant metabolite.
Soil/ Environment: In soil ( field) , DT50 3-174 d, depending on edaphic and climatic conditions. In water, DT50 varies from a few to 91 d. Photodegradation in water occurs under natural conditions, DT50

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