Specification :

Propineb

Common name: propineb; propinè be
IUPAC name: polymeric zinc propylenebis( dithiocarbamate)
Chemical Abstracts name: [ [ ( 1-methyl-1, 2-ethanediyl) bis[ carbamodithioato] ] ( 2-) ] zinc homopolymer
CAS RN: [ 12071-83-9] monomer; [ 9016-72-2] ( formerly [ 31530-30-0] ) homopolymer

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt.: 289.8 ( theoretical monomer) . M.f.: ( C5H8N2S4Zn) x Form: White powder, with a slight, characteristic smell. M.p.: Decomposes above 150 º C. V.p.: 2 d ( pH 9) .

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry: Non-specific, multi-site fungicide.
Mode of action: Basic foliar fungicide with protective action. Conidia or germinating conidia are killed by contact.
Uses: Control of downy mildew, black rots, red fire disease, and grey mould on vines; scab and brown rot on apples and pears; leaf spot diseases on stone fruit; Alternaria and Phytophthora blights, downy mildew, Septoria leaf spot, and leaf mould in tomatoes; Phytophthora and Alternaria blight of potatoes; downy mildew ( blue mould) on tobacco; rusts and leaf spot diseases on ornamentals; rusts, leaf spot diseases and downy mildews on vegetables. Also used on citrus fruit and berry fruit, rice and tea.
Phytotoxicity: Non-phytotoxic when used as recommended, also in young sensitive growing stages.
Formulation types: DP; WG; WP.
Compatibility: Compatible with most other powder-formulated pesticides. Not stable when combined with alkaline materials.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral: Acute oral LD50 for rats > 5000 mg/ kg.
Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats > 5000 mg/ kg. Not irritating to eyes and skin ( rabbits) .
Inhalation: LC50 ( 4 h) for rats > 0.7 mg/ l air ( aerosol) .
NOEL: ( 2 y) for rats 50, mice 800, dogs 1000 mg/ kg diet.
ADI: 0.007 mg/ kg b.w.
Toxicity class: WHO ( a.i.) III ( Table 5) ; EPA ( formulation) IV

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds: LD50 for Japanese quail > 5000 mg/ kg.
Fish: LC50 ( 96 h) for rainbow trout 1.9, golden orfe 133 mg/ l.
Daphnia: LC50 ( 48 h) 4.7 mg/ l.
Algae: ErC50 ( 96 h) 2.7 mg/ l.
Bees: Not toxic to bees; LD50 ( oral; 70 WP, 70 WG) > 100 ug/ bee.
Worms: LD50 ( 14 d) for 70 WP and 70 WG > 1000 ug/ kg dry substrate.
Other beneficial spp.: Effects on non-target insects are unlikely; only predatory mites are sensitive. Under field conditions, only moderate effects were observed.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals: Elimination is quick; almost 91% is excreted within 48 h in the urine and faeces, and 7% with exhaled air.
Plants: Residues of the applied compound including its metabolite propylenethiourea ( PTU) were found mainly on the plant surface. Only the metabolites propyleneurea and 4-methyl-imidazoline were taken up into the plant, in very small amounts. PTU has to be considered as a relevant residue with regard to its toxicological properties.
Soil/ Environment: Degradation is very rapid. Propineb can be classified as not mobile in soils.